Exploring 11 Fascinating Types of Fig Trees: A Visual Guide

• Fig trees belong to the Ficus genus, with around 800 known species
• Native to tropical regions worldwide, from Southeast Asia to the Mediterranean
• Many species are popular houseplants, while others are valued for their fruit or historical importance
• Each type has unique characteristics in leaf shape, fruit, and growth habits
• Proper care is essential for both indoor and outdoor fig trees

Fig trees, with their lush foliage and intriguing fruits, have captivated gardeners and nature enthusiasts for centuries. As a passionate plant lover myself, I’ve always been fascinated by the diversity within the Ficus genus. Today, I’m excited to take you on a journey through 11 different types of fig trees, each with its own unique charm and characteristics.

1. Ficus Carica: The Common Fig

The fig tree is characterized by its fruit, its large, dark-green non-deciduous leaves, pliable trunk, and sticky sap

The Ficus Carica, or common fig, is the variety most of us think of when we hear “fig tree.” It’s the one that produces those delicious, edible figs we find in stores. With its distinctive lobed leaves resembling maple trees, this fig can grow up to 30 feet tall outdoors but makes a lovely 10-foot indoor plant too.

Fun fact: The “fruit” of a fig tree is actually an inverted flower! It’s a fascinating quirk of nature that never fails to amaze me.

2. Ficus Cyathistipula: The African Fig Tree

Ficus Cyathistipula (African Fig Tree) – Native to Africa as the name implies, this variety is known for its glossy green leaves, as well as its dark, flaky bark

Native to Africa, the Ficus Cyathistipula is a stunning tree with glossy green leaves and unique, flaky bark reminiscent of birch trees. What I love about this species is its resilience – it’s more tolerant of dry air and low light conditions than many of its Ficus cousins.

3. Ficus Deltoidea: The Mistletoe Fig

Ficus Deltoidea (Mistletoe Fig) – This type of Ficus is known for its resemblance to the plant that couples kiss under during the Christmas season

The Mistletoe Fig, or Ficus Deltoidea, gets its name from its resemblance to the romantic holiday plant. Its distinctive deltoid-shaped leaves and clustered fruits make it a unique addition to any plant collection. As someone who loves plants with character, I find the Mistletoe Fig’s compact, shrub-like growth particularly charming.

4. Ficus Congesta: The Red Leaf Fig

Ficus Congesta (Red Leaf Fig) – The leaves of this Ficus start out red in color as they form, eventually turning to green, giving them a distinct appearance

The Red Leaf Fig, or Ficus Congesta, is a true showstopper. Its new leaves emerge in a vibrant red before maturing to green, creating a stunning visual display. While it’s not commonly grown as an ornamental tree, I believe its unique coloration makes it worthy of more attention in the gardening world.

5. Ficus Benghalensis: The Banyan Tree (Ficus Audrey)

Ficus Benghalensis (Ficus Audrey) – Also known as the Banyan tree, this variety is another easy member of the Ficus family to grow

Also known as the Banyan tree, Ficus Benghalensis or Ficus Audrey is a gentle giant. While it can grow to enormous sizes in the wild, it makes a manageable and low-maintenance indoor plant. I’ve found it to be much more forgiving than its cousin, the Fiddle Leaf Fig, making it perfect for those new to fig care.

6. Ficus Benjamina: The Weeping Fig

Ficus Benjamina (Weeping Fig) – are the most common Ficus trees grown indoors as houseplants, and are sometimes known as just Ficus

The Weeping Fig, or Ficus Benjamina, is perhaps the most common indoor fig tree. Its graceful, drooping branches and small, oval leaves create a beautiful silhouette. In my experience, while it can be sensitive to changes in light, it’s generally quite tolerant of less-than-ideal conditions, making it a great choice for beginners.

7. Ficus Lyrata: The Fiddle Leaf Fig

Ficus Lyrate (Fiddle Leaf Fig) – As the name suggests, the leaves of the fiddle leaf fig resemble a violin, and they can grow up to a foot long

Ah, the Fiddle Leaf Fig – the darling of interior designers and plant enthusiasts alike. Its large, violin-shaped leaves create a dramatic tropical look. While it can be a bit finicky about its care, I’ve found that the stunning visual impact of a healthy Fiddle Leaf Fig is well worth the extra effort.

8. Ficus Elastica: The Rubber Tree

Ficus Elastica (Rubber Tree) is famous for its historical importance as a source of rubber

The Rubber Tree, or Ficus Elastica, is a true classic. Its large, glossy leaves and historical importance as a source of rubber make it a fascinating addition to any plant collection. In my experience, it’s one of the more forgiving Ficus species, tolerating a range of light conditions and occasional neglect.

9. Ficus Pumila: The Creeping Fig

Ficus Pumila (Creeping Fig)- This variety of Ficus is unique because it grows as a vine rather than a tree with a trunk

The Creeping Fig, or Ficus Pumila, breaks the mold of traditional fig trees by growing as a vine. I love using it as a living wall or groundcover in frost-free areas. Its ability to climb and cover surfaces makes it a versatile and unique addition to any garden or indoor space.

10. Ficus Altissima: The Council Tree

Ficus Altissima (Council Tree) is one of the strangling figs, meaning that its roots envelop surrounding trees and steal their nutrients, eventually killing them

The Council Tree, or Ficus Altissima, is a fascinating species known for its “strangling” growth habit in the wild. While this behavior isn’t an issue for potted plants, its large, variegated leaves make it a stunning indoor specimen. I’m particularly impressed by its air-purifying abilities, efficiently removing toxins like formaldehyde from the air.

11. Ficus Retusa: The Retusa Bonsai

The Ficus Retusa, often grown as a bonsai, is a delightful miniature tree. Its small leaves and twisted trunk make it perfect for those who love the art of bonsai. I’ve found it to be more tolerant of varying conditions than many other Ficus species, making it a great choice for bonsai beginners.

Caring for Your Fig Tree

How to Care for a Ficus Plant Indoors?

Whether you’re growing your fig tree indoors or out, proper care is crucial. Here are some key tips I’ve learned over the years:

1. Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Check the top few inches of soil before watering.
2. Light: Most figs prefer bright, indirect light. Avoid harsh, direct sunlight which can scorch leaves.
3. Temperature: Figs are sensitive to cold. Protect them from drafts and sudden temperature changes.
4. Humidity: Regular misting can help maintain the humidity many fig species enjoy.
5. Fertilization: Feed your fig tree monthly during the growing season with a balanced fertilizer.

Remember, each species may have slightly different care requirements, so always research your specific variety for best results.

Conclusion

Exploring the world of fig trees has been a delightful journey, and I hope you’ve enjoyed it as much as I have. From the fruit-bearing Ficus Carica to the air-purifying Council Tree, each species offers something unique and beautiful.

Whether you’re a seasoned plant enthusiast or just starting your green journey, there’s a fig tree out there for you. Don’t be afraid to experiment and find the perfect Ficus for your space and lifestyle. Happy planting, and may your fig trees thrive!